High-efficiency and precise garlic seeding technology has made a historic breakthrough

The first high-efficiency precision garlic planter jointly developed by Shandong Agricultural Machinery Research Institute and Shandong Province Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd.

According to the latest data, in 2016, China's garlic planting area was about 11.7 million mu, accounting for about 70% of the world's long-term. China's garlic exports accounted for about 90% of the world's total garlic exports. As the main producing area of ​​garlic in China, Shandong has the highest planting area and output, and its development level of garlic mechanized production has become the key to the development of the national garlic industry. In recent years, Shandong Agricultural Machinery Research Institute and some garlic enterprises have been making unremitting efforts for the development and promotion of mechanization technology and equipment for garlic production, forming a development path combining production, study and research. Their achievements in the mechanization of garlic have also upgraded the garlic industry in Shandong and even the whole country, and achieved a successful “transformation”.

In June, Shandong Jinxiang Garlic entered the acquisition period. On the 25th, when the reporter entered Jinxiang County, they successively saw a truck full of garlic galloping on the road, and the garlic market was busy. “Compared to 2016, this year is a bumper year, but it also determines that the price of garlic will not be too high. I have sold it to the purchaser at a price of 2.4 yuan per catty, and I can earn one hundred and eight thousand per mu. Yuan money, mainly because the cost is too high, but the market is like this, it is better to earn points than to lose money." Jin Benguang, a farmer in Wangxiang Village, Jinxiang County, told reporters.

"In fact, the cost of chemical fertilizers is a small number, and the labor cost is a big headache for people. The labor of artificial garlic collection is large, the cost is high, and the efficiency is low. The existing garlic harvesting machinery on the market is not practical." Sun Benguang The words reflect the mentality of most garlic farmers. For them, looking at the look of the old world, finding a labor force, and applying fewer models, the garlic farmers have a hard time. The status quo of "Garlic You" and "Garlic You" make the heart of the garlic farmer like a roller coaster.

"Garlic you ç‹ " "Garlic you è´±"? Just so "garlic"?

Regarding the importance of garlic in China's planting industry, Han Yongping, deputy director of Shandong Agricultural Machinery Bureau, introduced garlic as one of China's characteristic economic crops, with its medical effects of enhancing human immunity and extensive sterilization, as well as long-term preservation of vegetables and seasoning. Products and health products have high economic benefits and great potential for development.

“Where Shandong Jinxiang is a famous hometown of garlic in China, it has a long history of growing garlic. It is known as the 'China Garlic Capital' and the reputation of 'World Garlic Watching China, China Garlic Watching Jinxiang', and always regards the garlic industry as a rich man. The county's leading industry. The county planted more than 600,000 mu of garlic all the year round, driving more than 2 million mu of surrounding planting areas, and the products are exported to more than 130 countries and regions. The export volume accounts for more than 70% of the national export volume. An important distribution center for storage, processing and trade circulation.” Meng Qingguang, director of the Agricultural Machinery Bureau of Jining City, said that Shandong can be said to be a typical area for garlic cultivation in the country.

The development of the garlic industry in Shandong has achieved remarkable results in the world today, but it also faces unprecedented difficulties and challenges.

"Now, China's major food crops such as rice, corn, and wheat have all achieved mechanization, and the technology is relatively mature. But the cultivation of garlic is not much different from that of a few decades ago." Sun Benguang is helpless," It’s really not easy for us to grow garlic. It’s raining and raining, and it’s going to be done all day and night. As far as planting is concerned, although there are machinery that can be used for soil preparation, we still have to squat in the ground and bend it a little bit. Bud, back pain is a common thing. We are looking forward to the easy-to-use and economical garlic harvesting machine to solve the pain of our garlic farmers."

Local garlic farmers told reporters that garlic requires a large amount of labor from seed to harvest, to storage, processing, and sales. If all employees are employed, the cost per mu is as high as 2,000 yuan.

"In recent years, affected by the changes in the structure of rural labor, the labor cost of garlic production has accounted for 50%-60% of the total production cost, which has reduced the comprehensive benefits of garlic cultivation and increased the risk of planting, which has seriously affected the healthy development of China's garlic industry. Wu Haoming, president of Shandong Agricultural Machinery Association, further pointed out the obstacles of labor cost to China's garlic industry. "Now the field is mainly based on the 45-50 year old labor force. After ten years, this part of the labor force will not be able to grow labor intensity so much. The increase in planting costs, the increase in labor and land input costs, the cost of planting garlic in China is many times higher than that of hand-operated India and mechanized Europe and the United States. Together with soil compaction, single yield reduction, The problem of pests and diseases is getting worse and worse, and the income of garlic farmers is very unstable."

Throughout the interview, the demand for garlic machinery was so loud that the reporter was amazed. Why are the problems in garlic planting delayed? Why is the progress of mechanization in garlic so slow?

"The level of mechanization of garlic production is not high, especially in the planting and harvesting stages, lack of reliable machinery. The research and development of mature and practical garlic production mechanized products is still in the early stage. Of course, there are also some private individual inventions, but there are certain problems in quality. The reliability is poor. The slow development of the mechanization of garlic has seriously restricted the development of China's garlic industry," said Han Yongping, deputy director of the Shandong Agricultural Machinery Bureau.

Compared with manual work, mechanical work can greatly shorten the harvest period, reduce labor intensity, reduce production costs, and achieve quality gain. Therefore, it is urgent to speed up the breakthrough of garlic machinery innovation.

High-efficiency and precise garlic seeding technology has made a historic breakthrough

“There is finally a seeder suitable for our garlic farmers! I really like the scientific and technical personnel!” In the Jinxiang Experimental Field of Shandong Maria Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd., a live demonstration of “planting a sharp weapon” caused the garlic on the spot. The farmer’s bursts of praise.

On June 26th, the first high-efficiency precision garlic planter jointly developed by Shandong Agricultural Machinery Research Institute and Shandong Province Maria Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd. was officially launched, and a field operation demonstration was carried out after the new product launch conference. When the technician drove the 11-line high-efficiency precision garlic planter across the field, the garlic farmers on the scene couldn't wait to rush forward and squatted on the ground to look at the sowing effect of the garlic buds.

Luo Zhengdong, a garlic farmer from Jimsar County, Xinjiang, said with excitement: "The effect of this planter is really good! 90% of the bud tips are upwards, and the planting distribution is relatively uniform. Finally, let us find one. A reliable machine!"

Xinjiang Jimsar County is one of the famous four garlic towns in China and an important garlic producing area. Luo Zhengdong, 53 years old, is the chairman of the local Zhengdong Garlic Cooperative. The garlic planting area is nearly 3,000 mu. "In fact, the garlic planting area of ​​our cooperatives can be expanded. But it is suffering from the lack of suitable harvesting machinery, and the efficiency has not been improved. Now, three people can only collect one mu of land a day. Moreover, because the planting area is too large, In the purchase of machines, we must be particularly careful, and in many aspects, once we choose which model, we must at least buy more than a dozen back to use." Luo Zhengdong while watching the seeding effect of new products, told reporters.

Many garlic farmers and planters from Shandong and Xinjiang told reporters that they hope that such precision garlic planting machinery has been waiting for a long time.

“This high-efficiency and precision garlic planter has broken through the key technical problems of garlic seeding such as single-grain seeding, bud-direction control, and upright planting. The germination rate of planting buds is over 90%, which can be said to reach the world's leading level.” Shandong Agricultural Machinery Science Chen Mingchuan, deputy secretary of the party committee of the institute, said.

It is understood that the United States, France, Spain and other developed countries have developed and promoted garlic sowing and harvesting machinery for the convenience of operation. Some domestic enterprises and garlic farmers have introduced and purchased these machines.

However, at present, most of the garlic varieties in China are still mainly artificial. Why have foreign machinery not been widely introduced and promoted in China?

“We have also purchased several garlic planters, but the effect is very unsatisfactory. There are problems such as garlic damage, low erectility and uneven planting spacing. It is not suitable for our local planting requirements. Finally, the machine can only become a pile of waste. Iron.” Dou Dongwei, a garlic farmer from Wangxiang Village in Jinxiang, said helplessly.

"Because the garlic cultivation mode in China and abroad is different, Chinese people eat garlic, which requires that the garlic must be bud-shaped when planting, in order to ensure that the garlic is erected, and the garlic is harvested before the ripening of the garlic. However, there is no habit of eating garlic in foreign countries, so garlic is not required to be planted erect, which is why foreign machinery cannot be directly imported." Researcher Ma Jichun, director of the Field Operation Research Center of Shandong Agricultural Machinery Research Institute, answered the reporter's doubts. "At present, there are three major problems in the existing garlic planters in China: First, the garlic seeds are irregular in shape and large in size, and the existing mechanical garlic is difficult to obtain a single grain; the second is that the garlic shoots are difficult to control during the planting process. Third, the machine is in an unstable state of operation and the failure rate is high."

As the first step of garlic production, planting is linked to subsequent harvesting, grading and processing, which is the first key starting point for mechanization of garlic. The realization of efficient and accurate sowing of garlic is a powerful boost to improve the mechanization level of garlic in China, reduce the labor intensity of farmers, increase farmers' income, and promote the scale and modernization of China's garlic industry.

“The successful research and development and promotion of this high-efficiency precision garlic planter is affirmation and encouragement to our R&D team. It is also a satisfactory answer to the Guangzhou Garlic.” For the historical achievement of the mechanization of garlic, Ma Jichun The sighs are full of endless affection and gratification.

“With advanced machinery now, we can work a lot easier.” Sun Benguang has already planned to order a new machine to go back and use.

Garlic harvesting machinery has dawned

“May is the harvest season of garlic. During this period, the labor force is the most scarce and most sought-after. The labor cost per mu is 200-300 yuan. It is not enough. Everyone can plan 3 points per day, and they are full of hands. It is bloody, it hurts, but it has to be done the next day. It takes at least 3 or 4 people a day to get the harvest, and the garlic must be harvested in more than a week, or it is possible If you hire someone to harvest, an acre of land will cost more than a thousand yuan. If the garlic market is not good, the sale of garlic money is not enough labor costs." Sun Benguang said helplessly, this time the labor force is really difficult. Looking for, many skilled hands have already been booked.

The researcher of the research team of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Science, Jian Shichun, told the reporter that as early as 1998, the technical system for the mechanized production equipment of garlic was not perfect, the key production equipment technology needed to be improved, and the research on the mechanized production of garlic cultivation mode was lacking. The agricultural machinery and agronomy integration needs to be deepened. The Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Science has carried out research on the mechanized production of garlic.

"China's garlic planting patterns are diverse, which seriously affects the process of mechanized production. In the course of more than ten years of research, we have established a team of garlic mechanization research experts, combined with the requirements of the planting mode of garlic seeding machinery, for the mechanized production of garlic. Planting pattern research, focusing on breaking through the key technical problems that restrict the mechanized production of garlic. According to the recommendation of Shichun, Shandong Agricultural Machinery Institute has carried out the experiment of garlic mechanization of different types of garlic varieties under different years of planting mode. The effects of planting patterns on the yield and quality of garlic, the effects of garlic status on the growth and yield of garlic, the physical properties of garlic at maturity and the mechanical properties of the pull-out were analyzed, and the maturity characteristics database of garlic of different varieties and regions was established. In order to further study the single-grain picking technique, the seed direction control technology and the erecting technique. “Now, our garlic planting technology has made a historic breakthrough, which will definitely promote the in-depth integration of garlic agricultural machinery and afforestation, which will provide us with strong support for the early transformation of garlic harvesting technology into actual results.”

Jian Shichun calculated the account for the reporter. In the operation season, each planter operates 300 mu, and the operation cost is 150 yuan/mu. Each harvester operates 500 mu, and the operation cost is 100 yuan/mu. The machine operator can earn net income. 95,000 yuan. Compared with artificial planting of 350 yuan / mu, artificial harvest of 1,000 yuan / acre, garlic farmers can save about 800 yuan per mu. The mechanized production of garlic seeds is realized. The machine production efficiency is more than 20 times of the artificial efficiency, which can save 50% of the labor. If the annual production scale of 1000 planters and harvesters is formed, more than 300 jobs can be provided.

"It is the responsibility and obligation of every garlic practitioner to make efforts for the healthy development of China's garlic industry. We will continue to persevere in the whole process of mechanization of garlic cultivation, provide more complete solutions for the automation of garlic deep processing, and realize garlic. The whole process of mechanization and garlic processing is fully automated.” Xin Li, general manager of Shandong Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd., said firmly.

“In the next step, our hospital will continue to strengthen technical research in key aspects such as garlic harvesting, grading and processing. Through the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy, domestic and foreign research, research and research cooperation, we will innovate a standardized and scientific agronomic model suitable for Chinese garlic production, thus becoming garlic. Planting mechanization, ecological and intelligent efforts," Chen Mingchuan said.

“The provincial agricultural machinery department will also increase the support and promotion of advanced garlic machinery, increase the research and development and promotion of mechanized equipment for garlic production, establish a full-scale mechanized demonstration base for garlic, and widely publicize the advantages of garlic machinery to garlic farmers. The industry has created a bright road.” Han Yongping is full of confidence in the industrial development prospects of Shandong Garlic.